Feasibility of Community Participation Transition After Stroke (COMPASS)

Completed 2016

Funding: National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research, 1R03HD079841

Brief Description

Community Participation Transition After Stroke (COMPASS) is a novel occupational therapy intervention designed to support persons with stroke as they transition from inpatient rehabilitation to home and community living. COMPASS uses two complementary evidence-based approaches: home modifications and strategy training delivered in the home. In this pilot study, we recruited 15 participants to test the feasibility of COMPASS and estimate the magnitude of the intervention’s efficacy.

See the COMPASS resource page for more information on the intervention.

Specific Aims

The aims of this study were to (1) determine the acceptability and feasibility of COMPASS, testing intervention retention, fidelity, safety, and adherence, and (2) estimate the efficacy of COMPASS on the primary outcome of community participation, as well as exploratory outcomes of activity performance, quality of life, and community mobility to select optimal endpoints for a larger trial.

Key Publications

Stark, S., Keglovits, M., Somerville, S., Hu, Y.-L., Conte, J., & Yan, Y. (2017). Feasibility of a novel intervention to improve participation after stroke. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 81(2), 116-124.


COMPASS, a Novel Transition Program to Reduce Disability After Stroke (COMPASS II)

Completed 2024

Funding: National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, 1R01HD092398

Brief Description

Community Participation Transition after Stroke (COMPASS) is an occupational therapy intervention to support individuals returning home from rehabilitation following a stroke. COMPASS uses two complementary evidence-based approaches: home modifications and strategy training delivered in the home. This study was a phase IIb, single-blind, parallel-group randomized controlled trial among patients undergoing inpatient rehabilitation for ischemic stroke. One hundred eighty-five participants were randomized to receive either COMPASS II or attentional control.

See the COMPASS resource page for more information on the intervention.

Specific Aims

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of COMPASS in reducing environmental barriers and improving daily activity performance, safety outcomes and community participation.

Key Publications

Bollinger, R. M., Krauss, M. J., Somerville, E., K., Holden, B. M., Blenden, G., Hollingsworth, H., Keleman, A. A., Carter, A., McBride, T. D., Barker, A. R., Yan, Y., & Stark, S. L. (2024). Rehabilitation transition program to improve community participation among stroke survivors: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Network Open, 7(10), e2437758.

Krauss, M. J., Holden, B. M., Somerville, E., Blenden, G., Bollinger, R. M., Barker, A. R, McBride, T. D., Hollingsworth, H., Yan, Y., & Stark, S. L. (2024). Community Participation Transition After Stroke (COMPASS) randomized controlled trial: Effect on adverse health events. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 105(9), 1623-1631.


Removing Home Hazards for Older Adults (HARP)

Completed 2018

Funding: Department of Housing and Urban Development, MOHHU0024

Brief Description

The Home Hazard Removal Program (HARP) is an intervention designed to reduce falls by removing hazards from the homes of older adults. We conducted a randomized controlled trial and implementation study of 300 older adults at risk for falls to test the program.

We recruited participants through St. Louis Area Agency on Aging’s annual assessment of participants’ health. Interventionists used a manualized protocol to deliver the intervention, and we followed participants monthly using a highly successful calendar-journal technique.

See the HARP resource page for more information on the intervention.

Specific Aims

The first aim of the study was to determine the acceptability and feasibility of delivering the program in partnership with St. Louis Area Agency on Aging.

The second aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the program by conducting a hybrid effectiveness/implementation trial of 300 older adults at high risk for a fall. We tested whether HARP was effective in reducing the rate and risk of falls and improving other participant-reported outcomes that may be affected by the intervention.

Key Publications

Stark, S., Keglovits, M., Somerville, E., Hu, Y.-L., Barker, A., Sykora, D., & Yan, Y. (2021). Home hazard removal to reduce falls among community-dwelling older adults: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Network Open, 4(8), e2122044.


Removing Home Hazards for Older Adults Living in Affordable Housing (HARP II)

Completed 2022

Funding: Department and Housing and Urban Development, MOHHU0040

Brief Description

The goal of this project was to conduct a hybrid effectiveness/implementation trial to simultaneously establish the effectiveness of the Home Hazard Removal Program (HARP) for fall prevention in affordable housing and to conduct a process evaluation of how the intervention works in the context of low-income senior apartments.

Specific Aims

The long-term goal of this study was to increase the supply of healthy housing in the U.S. in order to improve older adults’ ability to maintain their independence and safety. The specific aims of this study were to (1) determine the acceptability and feasibility of delivering HARP in low-income senior apartments and (2) determine whether the program was effective and cost-effective in reducing the rate of falls.

Key Publications

Krauss, M. J., Somerville, E., Bollinger, R. M., Chen, S.-W., Kehrer-Dunlap, A. L., Haxton, M., Yan, Y., & Stark, S. L. (2024). Removing home hazards for older adults living in affordable housing: A stepped-wedge cluster-randomized trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 72(3), 670-681.


Retaining Participants in Longitudinal Studies of Alzheimer’s Disease (NACC)

Completed 2019

Funding: National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Collaborative Project, 2017-01

Brief Description

The purpose of this project was to study barriers and facilitators to retention of participants in longitudinal Alzheimer’s disease research and to develop guidelines for improving participant retention. We conducted a mixed methods study, employing identical procedures across three Alzheimer’s disease research centers (ADRCs): WashU (Knight ADRC), the University of Pittsburgh (Pitt-ADRC) and the University of Wisconsin (Wisconsin ADRC). We recruited community-dwelling older adults with decisional capacity and study partners to participate in the survey across the three centers. We also held focus groups with ADRC participants and study partners to elicit opinions about the guidelines.

Specific Aims

The specific aims of this study were to (1) identify participants’ perceived facilitators and barriers to remaining enrolled in longitudinal studies of Alzheimer’s disease, (2) identify study partners’ perceived facilitators and barriers to the participant remaining enrolled in longitudinal studies of Alzheimer’s disease, and (3) develop guidelines and examine the feasibility of implementing these guidelines to improve retention in longitudinal Alzheimer’s disease studies.

Key Publications

Bollinger, R. M., Gabel, M., Coble, D., Chen, S.-W., Keleman, A. A., Doralus, J., Chin, E., Lingler, J. H., Grill, J. D., Stark, S. L., & Edwards, D. F. (2023). Retention of study partners in longitudinal studies of Alzheimer disease. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 94(1), 189-199.

Gabel, M., Bollinger, R. M., Coble, D. W., Grill, J. D., Edwards, D. F., Lingler, J. H., Chin, E., & Stark, S. L. (2022). Retaining participants in longitudinal studies of Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 87(2), 945-955.

Gabel, M., Bollinger, R. M., Knox, M., Coble, D. W., Grill, J. D., Edwards, D. F., Stark, S. L., & Lingler, J. H. (2022). Perceptions of research burden and retention among participants in ADRC cohorts. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 34(4), 281-287.


Building Capacity to Improve Community Participation for People Aging with Long-Term Disability Through Evidence-Based Strategies (DRRP)

Completed 2024

Funding: NIDILRR Rehabilitation Research Projects Community Living & Participation, 90DPCP0001-01-00

Brief Description

This project consisted of four distinct but interrelated research projects to promote participation for people aging with long-term physical disabilities:

  1. Develop a community-based research network—a formal network of researchers and community-based organizations serving older adults and people with disabilities—to serve as a platform and testbed for research studies.
  2. Conduct a longitudinal cohort study to examine changes in community participation in ~400 people aging with long-term physical disabilities over time, identifying potential intervention points to sustain participation.
  3. Culturally and pragmatically adapt an existing, effective evidence-based intervention (from gerontology and rehabilitation) and evaluate its efficacy for people aging with long-term physical disability in community settings.
  4. Conduct a pilot randomized controlled trial to examine the feasibility of implementing the adapted program through the community-based research network established under Project 1.

Specific Aims

To improve community participation for people aging with a long-term physical disability, our aims were to (1) establish a regional community-based research network (CBRN) consisting of a mix of centers for independent living (CILs) and area agencies on aging (AAAs) that represent urban and rural communities, (2) conduct an inaugural cohort research study in the CBRN on health and participation of people aging with long-term physical disability, and (3) build research capacity and facilitate the translation of evidence for CILs and AAAs.

Key Publications

Chen, S.-W., Krauss, M. J., Somerville, E., Holden, B., Devine, M., & Stark, S. (2025). Removing environmental barriers to independent living: A feasibility randomised controlled trial targeting people ageing with long-term physical disabilities. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 88(1), 5-16.

Dashner, J., Espín-Tello, S. M., Chen, S.-W., Hollingsworth, H., Bollinger, R., Morgan, K. A., & Stark, S. (2024). Influence of falls, fall-related injuries, and fear of falling on social participation in people aging with long-term physical disability: A cross-sectional study. Disability and Rehabilitation, 46(21), 4979-4987.

Minor, B. C., Dashner, J., Espín-Tell, S. M., Bollinger, R., Keglovits, M., Stowe, J., Campbell, M., & Stark, S. L. (2020). Development and implementation of a community-based research network. Journal of Clinical and Translational Science, 4(6), 508-514.

Morgan, K. A., Putnam, M., Espín-Tello, S. M., Keglovits, M., Campbell, M., Yan, Y., Wehmeier, A., & Stark, S. (2023). Aging with long-term physical disability: Cohort analysis of survey sample in the U.S. F1000 Research, 14(11), 68.

Putnam, M., Morgan, K., Hollingsworth, H., Heeb Desai, R., Chen, S.-W., & Stark, S. L. (2024). Consistency of participation over time among persons aging with physical disability as measured by a tool designed for use among community-based organizations. Disability and Health Journal, 17(1), 101519.


Falls: A marker of Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease (Falls & AD)

Completed 2025

Funding: National Institute on Aging, 1 R01 AG057680-01A1

Brief Description

The purpose of this project was to examine relationships among falls, functional mobility and preclinical Alzheimer’s disease. We recruited 350 individuals who were enrolled in longitudinal studies at the Knight ADRC. We conducted one home visit annually for four years to administer a battery of assessments with items related to fall risk factors, including sensation, strength, balance, gait and home hazards. Participants completed monthly fall monitoring using a calendar-journal technique for the duration of the study.

Specific Aims

The first aim of this study was to examine the relationship between falls and functional mobility in the preclinical stages of Alzheimer’s disease.

The second aim of this study was to examine a hypothesized model of central and peripheral mechanism(s) underlying falls and functional mobility in preclinical stages of  Alzheimer’s disease.

Key Publications

Bollinger, R., M., Chen, S.-W., Krauss, M. J., Keleman, A. A., Kehrer-Dunlap, A., Kaesler, M., Ances, B. M., & Stark, S. L. (2024). The association between postural sway and preclinical Alzheimer disease among community-dwelling older adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 79(7).

Keleman, A. A., Nicosia, J., Bollinger, R. M., Wisch, J. K., Hassesnstab, J., Morris, J. C., Ances, B. M., Balota, D. A., & Stark, S. L. (2023). Precipitating mechanisms of falls in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease Reports, 14(7), 739-750.

Keleman, A., Wisch, J. K., Bollinger, R. M., Grant, E. A., Benzinger, T. L., Morris, J. C., Ances, B. M., & Stark, S. L. (2020). Falls associate with neurodegenerative changes in ATN framework of Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 77(2), 745-752.

Washington, S. E., Bodde, A, E., Helsel, B. C., Bollinger, R. M., Smith, N., Ptomey, L. T., Ances, B., & Stark, S. L. (2024). The association of dementia risk symptoms and functional activity in adults with Down syndrome. Alzheimer’s and Dementia Translational Research and Clinical Intervention, 10(4), e70007.